Difference between Metals and Non-Metals - Nitya study point

Difference between Metals and Non-Metals - Nitya study point

Metals	Non Metals
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.	Non metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals are malleable that is they can be beaten into sheets.	Non metals are not malleable.
Metals are ductile that is they can be drawn into wires.	Non metals are non ductile.
Metals are sonorous.	Non metals are not sonorous.
Metals have high tensile strength due to high attraction between molecules.	Non metals have low tensile strength due to high attraction between molecules.
Metals have high density.	Non-Metals have high density.
Metals have high melting and boiling points.	Metals have low melting and boiling points.
They content 1 to 3 balance electrons in the outermost shall of their atoms.	They content 4 to 8 balance electrons in the outermost shall of their atoms.
Metals combine with oxygen and form basic oxides.	Non metals combine with oxygen and form acidic oxides.
Examples : silver, gold, copper, aluminium, iron,Sodium, magnesium etc	Examples : hydrogen, helium, iodine, phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen, Oxygen, sulfur, neon etc

Metals -

Most elements are metals. This include the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, lanthanides and actinides. On the periodic table metals are separated from non metals by a zig-zag line stepping through carbon, phosphorus, selenium, iodine and randon.

These elements and those to the right of them are non metals. Elements just to the left of the line may be termed metalloids or semimentals and have properties intermediate between those of the metals and nonmetals. The physical and chemical properties of the metals and nonmetals may be used to tell them apart.

Metal physical properties -

1. Lustrous (Shiny)

2. Good conductors of heat and electricity.

3. High melting point.

4. High density (heavy for their size)

5. Malleable (can be hammered)

6. Ductile (can be drawn into wires)

7. Usually solid at room temperature (an exception is Mercury)

8. Opaque as a thin sheet (cannot see through metals)

9. Metals are sonorous are make a bell like sound when struck

Metal chemical properties -

1. Have 1-3 electrons in the outer shell of each metal atom and lose electrons readily

2. Corrode easily (easy damaged by oxidation such as ternish are rust)

3. Lose electrons easily

4. Form oxides that are basic

5. Have lower electronegativities

6. Are good reducing agents

👉 Difference between metals and nonmetals in Hindi

Non metals -

Non metals, with the exception of hydrogen, are located on the right side of the periodic table. Elements that are non metals are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, Phosphorus, oxygen,sulfur, selenium all of the halogens and the noble gases.

Non metal physical properties -

1. Non lustrous (dull appearance)

2. Poor conductors of heat and electricity.

3. Nonductile solids

4. Brittle solids

5. May be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.

6. Transparent as a thin sheet.

7. Non metals are not sonorous.

Non metal chemical properties -

1. Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell

2. Readily gain or valence electrons

3. Form of oxidizing that are acidic.

4. Have higher electronegativities

5. Are good oxidizing agents

Main difference between metals and nonmetals - 

1.Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity whereas non metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity.

2. Metals are ductile which means that they can be made into wire for various uses whereas non metals are not ductile.

3. Metals are shiny in nature and they are much more polished then non metals .

4. Metals are electropositive in nature whereas non metal are electronegative in nature.

5. Metals have higher density as compared to non metals.

Key Takeaways difference between metals and nonmetals -

• The periodic table consist of elements that are metals, those that are non metals, and elements with properties intermediate between the two groups (metalloids)

• Metals tend to be hard, metallic looking solids, with high electrical and thermal conductivity values and high melting and boiling point.

• Non Metals tend to be softer often colourful elements. They may be solids, liquids or gases. They have lower melting and boiling point then most metals and are not usually good conductors.

Frequently asked question - FAQ

1.What is called non metal?

Ans - Non metal or non metal is a chemical element that does not have metal's properties. Some gases include hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, neon or random and many more.

2. What is he called metal?

Ans - Many chemical elements are referred to as metals. These are the bulk of the periodic table elements. Generally, such components have the following characteristics. these can conduct heat and electricity. They can be easily shaped.

3. What are the uses of non metal?

Ans - Oxygen is a non metal that is used for breathing by plants and animals. It is essential to maintain our life. It is used in the process of fuel burning in houses, factories and vehicle for transport.

4. Which non metal is essential for our life?

Ans - Oxygen is an essential non metal for our life and it is inhaled during breathing by all living beings.

5. Which non metal is used as a fuel?

Ans - The non metal used in the rockets is liquid hydrogen. They are separate hydrogen and oxygen tanks that combine and burn to start the rocket. Due to its high calorific value, hydrogen is used.

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